Protocol and Communication

What is Data Communication?

Data communication is the interchange of the data linking two nodes via a Transmission medium as a cable.

Data Flow

• Data is going to flow from one node to another node. And there are three different ways :

Smplex

Half- duplex

Full- duplex

Data Flow — Simplex

• Simplex is the data flow only in one way. only one device can send the data and the other connected end the device will receive the data which is transmitted but the receiving end can not again send data to the sending end.

Eg: Keyboards, Traditional monitors.

Data Flow — Half- Duplex

• In Half-duplex the communication happens in both directions but the communication does not happen at the same time. When one device sends the data other end the receives the data.

Eg: Walkie- Talkies.

Data Flow — Full- Duplex

• Communication happens in both directions at the same time. Here the data can be sent and receive the data at the same time.

Eg: Telephone line.

Protocols

Protocols determine:

What is communication?

How it is communicated?

When it is communicated?

Elements of a Protocols:

1. Encoding the massage
2. Formatting and encapsulation of the massage
3. Timing of the massage
4. Size of the massage
5. Delivery options of the massage

Encoding.

• Encoding is the process of converting data from one form to another form.

Formatting and encapsulation

• The massage should be in a particular format or should be in a standard structure. The format of the message depends on the message type and the medium which transmits the message.

Message Size

• The sentence is consists of smaller parts. Therefore If there is a long massage is passing through the network it also breaking down into smaller little parts.

Message timing

• Message timing depends on the Access method, Response timeout, Flow control. In the general message, the timing is When to pass the message, how long will it takes to respond back. The amount of data that is carrying by the massage also affect the massage timing.

Message Delivery options

Unicast

Multicast

Broadcast

Protocol Types :

1. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
2. Internet Protocol (IP)
3. User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
4. Post office Protocol (POP)
5. Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
6. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
7. HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
8. HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
9. Telnet
10. Gopher

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):

• TCP can be defined as a protocol that is used to communicate through a network. TCP divides any type of message into data packets and then sends it from the source to the destination. And then it again resembled at the destination.

Internet Protocol (IP):

• IP addresses the protocols. The IP addresses in packets help in routing them through different nodes in a network until it reaches the destination system. IP is the most popular protocol connecting the networks.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP):

• User Datagram Protocol is used to establish low latency to the applications wherein the internet. UDP is a protocol that is with minimal protocol mechanisms.

Post office Protocol (POP):

• POP3 designed for accepting E-mails from a mail server. POP protocol assists to delete the emails and download the emails. Here the port number which is used for the service request is 110.

Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP):

• SMTP used to send emails to the mail server at the user level. But mail server uses a Simple mail transport protocol to send and as well as receive emails. Here the port number which is used for the service request is 587 or 465.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP):

• File Transfer Protocol is used to transfer files from a server to a client computer network. Client-server model architecture is based on developing FTP. In the beginning, FTP is designed using a command-line interface.

HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP):

• Massage can be transferred between two or more systems with the use of HTTP. Here HTML tags used to create links. Those created links are in text format or image format. HTTP designed according to Client-server principles which allow servers to request the connection and clients to establish the connection according to the request they receive.

HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS):

• HTTPS stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure. HTTPS is a protocol that is more secure than HTTP protocol. When transferring sensitive data it will be more secure to use HTTPS. Therefore by using HTTPS can transfer files, documents, or sensitive data in a proper and more secured manner.

Telnet:

• Telnet is a way that which uses to log in to a remote computer by another outsider computer. Therefore in Telnet user allows to log in toa remote computer which is located outside. Telnet is also a client-server protocol.